The Knights of Saint John: A Journey from Jerusalem to Rhodes
March 4, 2024
Grand Masters of the Knights of Rhodes
March 27, 2024
Table of Contents
Introduction
Pierre d’Aubusson (1423 – 3 July 1503) rose to prominence as a Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Jerusalem, renowned for his unwavering opposition to the encroaching Ottoman Empire.
His tenure as Grand Master coincided with a pivotal moment in the history of Rhodes, where his leadership during the Ottoman siege of 1480 left an indelible mark on the island’s legacy. Born into a noble family in Creuse, France, d’Aubusson’s early years saw him join the ranks of the Knights of Saint John before assuming leadership positions within the order.
Amidst escalating tensions between Rhodes and the Ottoman Empire, d’Aubusson’s strategic vision and steadfast resolve were put to the ultimate test, cementing his legacy as a defender of Christendom and the guardian of Rhodes.
Early Life and Leadership
Pierre d’Aubusson was born in the castle of Le Monteil in Creuse, France, as the fifth son of Jean d’Aubusson. Despite being born into a family of notable stature, his path towards leadership within the Knights of Saint John was not predetermined.
Little is known about his early years, but it is believed that he joined the order around 1444 or 1445 before departing for Rhodes.Rising through the ranks, d’Aubusson’s leadership abilities soon became evident.
In early 1476, he was elected Grand Prior of the Langue d’Auvergne, a position that served as a stepping stone to his eventual ascension as Grand Master of the Order. His close association with previous Grand Masters and his responsibilities for fortifications across Rhodes and other territories underscored his growing influence within the order.
Pierre d’Aubusson and the Siege of Rhodes (1480)
The defining moment of Pierre d’Aubusson’s leadership came during the Ottoman siege of Rhodes in 1480. Sultan Mehmed II’s fleet appeared before Rhodes in May 1480, carrying an invading army of some 100,000 men under the command of Mesih Pasha.
The Knights, reinforced from France by 500 knights and 2000 soldiers under d’Aubusson’s brother Antoine, stood firm against the relentless assaults.Despite being outnumbered and facing overwhelming odds, d’Aubusson’s strategic brilliance and unwavering determination inspired the defenders to repel the Ottoman forces.
The siege lasted until August, during which d’Aubusson was wounded three times. Despite these setbacks, the defenders successfully thwarted three major assaults, forcing the Turkish force to withdraw and leaving behind thousands dead. The siege enhanced d’Aubusson’s renown throughout Europe, solidifying his legacy as a formidable defender of Rhodes and Christendom.
Later Life and Legacy
Following the siege of Rhodes, Pierre d’Aubusson’s efforts to safeguard the island continued. He accepted an annuity from Bayezid II to guard Cem, preventing him from seeking aid against his brother.
In return, he received honors, including a Cardinal’s hat in 1489. However, his later years were marked by challenges as he attempted to restore discipline within the Order and organize a grand crusade against the Turks, albeit with limited success.
Despite facing setbacks and disappointments, d’Aubusson’s legacy endured. His unwavering dedication to the defense of Rhodes and Christendom left an indelible mark on history.
Though his efforts to launch a grand crusade ultimately faltered, his defense of Rhodes during the siege of 1480 remains a testament to his courage, leadership, and commitment to his cause.
Conclusion
Grand Master Pierre d’Aubusson’s leadership during the siege of Rhodes in 1480 showcased his unwavering dedication to the defense of Christendom. His strategic brilliance and courage led to the repulsion of Ottoman forces, securing Rhodes and inspiring future generations. Pierre d’Aubusson’s legacy serves as a testament to the power of resilience and determination in the face of adversity.
